Current approaches to develop a set of criteria for identifying wines with geographical indication: DOI 10.34919/IM.2022.24.3.010

Abstract

Authenticity of wine is an important indicator of its quality, performing social, commercial and economic functions, which relates producers and consumers. Wines with geographical indication proved the relevance on wine market, being in demand by unscrupulous producers. The ideas about terroir are based on the dependence of chemical composition of cations and anions of wines, their physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. It is shown that the mechanism for confirming geographical origin of wines can be based on the study of their poly-elemental composition, in particular, cations, using modern data processing
methods. The purpose of the work was to systematize data on cationic-anionic composition of wines from different regions. The studies were carried out on wine samples prepared from white and red grape varieties by producers from different winemaking countries. Mass concentration of chlorides in wines was determined by the potentiometric method; potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium - by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry, as well as by the method of capillary electrophoresis. In total, more than 3000 samples of wine products from 15 winemaking regions were used in the work. Share contribution of the components of cationic composition of wines from different countries was established. The ratio of mass concentrations of sodium and chlorides was calculated. The ranges of its variation for 15 winemaking countries and regions were determined. The conducted research allowed substantiating poly-elemental composition of wines, characterized by geographical indication of the product. The research will be continued in the direction of supplementing the set of indicators and their ratios, expanding the instrumental analytical base.