Keywords
Abstract
Modern statistics show the increase in the land area occupied
by organic vineyards, accounting 8% of the global organic production
area. The law "On organic products ...", entered into force in 2020 in the
Russian Federation, will allow to develop local organic viticulture, including historically favorable for winemaking industry region of Crimea.
Agricultural lands consist of 11.5% of the total land area of the South
Coast of Crimea (SCC). Most of the land is occupied by vineyards (up to 4
thousand hectares). Organic viticulture, which assumes the rejection of use
of pesticides and mineral fertilizers, is relevant for SCC as a recreational
zone of Crimea. Based on the research results of 2016-2018, a regional
organic viticulture products protection system was developed, tested and
introduced into production in 2019 on the background of lacking in local
practice the industrial complex schemes for protecting organic grapes
from pathogens and harmful organisms. The developed organic protection
system is focused on suppressing the development of the oiudim as the
most harmful pathogen in SCC, and controlling the population of garden
spider mite and European grape moth. The system includes complex application of biopreparations Extrasol, Pseudobacterin-2, SLOX-eco, BioSleep
BW and colloidal sulfur Tiovit Jet, WDG. Biological effectiveness of the
organic protection system against oidium amounted to 78.3%, which is only
7.9% lower than the effectiveness of traditional protection system using
pesticides. According to the results of ecological and faunistic assessment
of biodiversity, a significantly higher indicator of Shannon’s biodiversity
index (H) was registered in the complex of mites and insects against the
background of the organic protection system rather than the traditional
system, with a high coefficient of species similarity of complexes (Kj = 0.53)