Keywords
Abstract
Intensive cultivation of stone fruit crops in Crimea requires the development
and introduction of modern technologies. Its main elements are the planting scheme and the crown shape. The article highlights the results of many
years research of different shapes of ‘Redhaven’ peach crown (cup-shaped,
spindle-shaped, leaderless flattened, bushy) with a planting density from 833
to 2500 trees per 1ha on the almond rootstock in the conditions of Crimea.
The aim of the research is to highlight the most effective shapes of crown and
optimal planting schemes for the creation of high-yielding peach gardens.
The work was carried out according to the methods of field experiments
with horticultural crops. It was established that due to a significant increase
in the number of trees per area unit and the use of technologically simple
labor-saving crown shapes, high plantation productivity and fruit quality are
achieved. It is also established that the cost of manual labor directly depends
on the specific features of crown formation, planting scheme and structure of
overgrowing of the crown. Labor-saving crown shapes and efficient planting
schemes with high productivity potential of up to 51.2 t/ha, with an average
yield of up to 21.0 t/ha are selected. The quality of fruits is 99%. Biometric
parameters of tree growth, structure of the crown's leaf coverage and labor
intensity of tree pruning are determined. The study of elements of the garden
design allows to give a complex judgment of the crown shapes and planting
schemes, to select more simple in design and labor-saving in cultivation and
recommend for laying peach gardens of the Crimea and the South of Russia
on the almond rootstock.