Keywords
Abstract
Agroecological conditions have a direct impact on the growth and development of grape plants, as well as on the quality and quantity of the harvest. Therefore, the characteristics of biological specificity of grape varieties, and the study of their response to environmental conditions are important in order to identify and apply the sources of valuable traits. The aim of research is to study the effect of rich in contrast weather conditions on agrobiological indicators of 25 autochthonous wine grape cultivars of Russia for further identification of potential sources of valuable traits. The place of research is the Ampelographic Collection Magarach, located in the Western Coastal Piedmont region of Crimea. The objects of research are 25 autochthonous wine grape cultivars of Russia (Don and Astrakhan cultivars). The following methods were used in the course of study: "Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis" (Office International de la vigne et du vin (OIV), 2009) and "Study of grape cultivars" (Lazarevsky, 1963). The effect of higher average daily temperatures in spring months on the shiſt to earlier dates of phenological growth stages was established. The dates of the onset of phenological stage of the beginning of bud burst in 2024 were ahead of the average long-term values by 9–16 days. The industrial ripeness began 10-19 days earlier than the average long-term dates. It was found that higher average daily temperatures during the period of berry growth and ripening with a minimum amount of productive precipitation in the summer of 2024 contributed to a reduction in the duration of production period for 25 autochthonous grape cultivars of Russia by 1-5 days, while the yield per bush was 23-81% of the average long-term indicators due to low air humidity and strong winds during the period of grapevine flowering. The data obtained will be taken into account to identify the sources of valuable economic traits. The results of work will contribute to the targeted selection of source material in breeding programs, and the efficient use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.