Keywords
Abstract
At the present stage of agricultural industry development, the provision of stable economic efficiency of viticulture is possible with preventing a decrease in grape plant viability, accompanied by a decrease in productivity and working life. Progressing weakening of the vine can be caused by both climate change and damage to perennial trunk by the complex of phytopathogenic fungi. In recent years, in all major countries involved in grape cultivation, the most significant diseases of perennial trunk are esca, Eutypa dieback, escoriosis (black spot), botriospheric dieback and black stem root rot. The article presents the results of field and laboratory studies in 2016–2022 aimed at etiology and epidemiology, specification of diagnostic signs of systemic diseases of perennial grapevine trunk in the vineyards of Crimea. The features of distribution and frequency of occurrence of these diseases depending on abiotic factors and the varietal composition of vineyards were established. An increase in the damage intensity to the conductive system of grapes by the complex of fungi that cause diseases of perennial grape trunk is shown against the background
of abiotic stress caused by acute fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation regime during the growing season. Causative agents of botriospheric dieback of grapes were isolated and identified. As a part of identification method development, using of molecular biological approach based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) made it possible to identify the pathogens of Eutypa dieback, grape esca and black spot (escoriosis), as well as to confirm their progression in the vineyards of Crimea.