Толерантность сортов винограда к ожидаемым стрессам водного дефицита

Due to its economic importance, the climatic diversity of the regions and the wide range of studies, grapes have become a model perennial crop for ecological research. The main purpose of this work is to find answers to the question of the extent to which grape varieties are able to withstand forecasted drought scenarios. Grapes are relatively tolerant to drought in general, but prolonged droughts lead to negative consequences. A number of tests have been developed to assess the tolerance to water deficit in plants, and testing the drought resistance of grape varieties in vitro seems to be especially promising. The genus Vitis is characterized by a high level of genetic diversity in general, but the degree of grape diversity has decreased due to the reduction in the range of cultivated varieties. In general, areas of drought-tolerant wine grape varieties have been reduced. The role of grape rootstocks in counteracting water deficit should be explored. Rootstocks with a low level of adaptation to water deficit are mainly used in the domestic production of grape propagation material. Strategies to increase water use efficiency, involving the search for new regions to cultivate grapes, the development of water-saving agricultural technologies, management of plant metabolism, adaptation of new oenological methods, selection of drought-resistant varieties and rootstocks are of fundamental importance for the future of viticulture. High adaptive potential of grape varieties allows us to hope for a stable development of viticulture. To solve the emerging problems of changing environmental conditions, the regulatory mechanisms of grapes should be studied. New varieties, clones and rootstocks of grapes, adapted to climate change, must be created both by traditional breeding methods and by the methods of new breeding technologies.