Влияние различных систем питания минеральными удобрениями отечественного производства на продуктивность виноградных насаждений в условиях Крыма

The article presents the research results of 2016–2018 on assessing the effect of foliar top dressing with mineral fertilizers of local JSC “Schelkovo Agrohim” production on the productivity and crop quality of wine grape varieties ‘Aligote’, ‘Kokur Belyi’, ‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Saperavi’ in the soil and climatic conditions of the South-Western and Mountain-Valley Crimea. The research scheme included four experimental systems of feeding, which were compared with farm controls (farm protection systems + feeding system). In the course of the research, a positive effect of the studied mineral nutrition systems on the phytometric indicators of grapes was proven. An increase in a grape bush growth amount was observed in experimental plots of the varieties ‘Aligote’ (28.6 %), ‘Kokur Belyi’ (7 %) and ‘Saperavi’ (30 %) in comparison with the same indicator in the controls. This tendency in subsequent years may generally have a positive effect on the productivity of grapevine plantings. It was established that using of the studied mineral nutrition systems during the growing season of ‘Aligote’ and ‘Chardonnay’ grape plants contributed to an increase in the average bunch weight by 11.2 g and 14.1 g (16.7 % and 10 %), and as a result, an increase in grape yield by 11.2 c/ha and 6 c/ha, respectively. Against the background of using experimental systems of mineral nutrition, an increase in the mass concentration of sugars in the juice of grape berries of ‘Kokur Belyi’ variety (by 0.6 g/100 cm3 or 2.8 %) and ‘Saperavi’ (by 1.7 g/100 cm3 or 7.6 %) was noted in comparison with the controls. The analyses carried out determined that foliar top dressing with mineral fertilizers did not have a negative impact on the quality of base wines obtained from grapes of the studied wine varieties.