Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking.

Variability assessment of clones in the populations of grape varieties ‘Chehrayee Khishmish’ and ‘Ag Khishmish’

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 10:27:59 +0300

This article examines biological, morphological and economic technological characteristics of table grape clones obtained using method of clonal breeding. In particular, clones No. 3-22/14 and No. 4-5/28 (‘Chehrayee Khishmish’), as well as clones No. 4-18/17 and No. 3-2/12 (‘Ag Khishmish’) are analyzed. The aim of the study is to analyze morphometric characteristics and indicators of cropping capacity of grapes, as well as to study genotypes in the populations of valuable local varieties ‘Chehrayee Khishmish’ and ‘Ag Kishmish’. The article contains data on statistical mathematical study (by t and x2 parameters) conducted in order to determine the difference degree between varieties and their clones by certain indicators. The maternal bushes in the populations of the studied varieties ‘Ag Kishmish’ and ‘Chehrayee Kishmish’ had small berries in bunches, the average weight of 100 berries was 111.7±4.42 and 126.3±6.17 g, respectively. This indicator was significantly higher in the recently identified clonal bushe , in clonal form No. 4-5/28 it was 150.2±10.1 g, in No. 3-22/14 - 164.5±6.05 g, in No. 3-2/12 - 144.7±7.67 g, in No. 4-18/17 - 150.0±8.71 g. Compared with the maternal forms, clonal forms of both varieties showed a significant increase in the weight of 100 berries (∆, % – 16.0–25.5 %), and the difference was reliable. Considering the limited number of large-berry local seedless grape varieties in Azerbaijan, the introduction of four clonal forms selected from the population of ‘Chehrayee Kishmish’ and ‘Ag Kishmish’ grape varieties into production is considered promising, which can be successfully used in breeding of large-berry varieties.

Ecological flexibility and stability of new tobacco varieties

Лидия Николаевна Каргина, Вера Владимировна Илюхина — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 10:37:08 +0300

This work presents the results of testing new promising tobacco varieties bred by the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” - “Magarach” for 2019-2021. The work was carried out at the experimental plot of the Laboratory of Tobacco Breeding in Tobachnoye village, Bakhchisaray district of the Republic of Crimea. Phenological observations and assessment of varieties by biometric and technological indicators, plant productivity, quality of dry raw materials and other characteristics were carried out during the working process. The article presents basic quantitative characteristics that establish cropping capacity of a tobacco plant. In order to solve breeding problems, it is important to use the genetic potential of tobacco as efficiently as possible. Local varieties are best adapted to soil and climatic conditions, and therefore they are a valuable source material for further improvement in the range of domestic tobacco products. Breeding work is aimed at creating new varieties capable to combine in one genotype such valua le traits as high productivity and quality of tobacco raw materials. The aim of this work was to create a high-yielding tobacco variety ‘American’ of traditional varietal type, which has high quality characteristics and multipurpose potential. The urgency of the problem is due to the need of domestic market for high-quality tobacco products, the absence of which is due to many years of import of cheap tobacco raw materials and wastes. Based on the research results, it may be concluded that the most promising in terms of cropping capacity and product quality is the tobacco variety ‘American Aromatny’. It was obtained in crossing of local tobacco varieties ‘Aromatny’ and ‘American 572’, which confirmed the significant advantages in biological and economically valuable traits over the years of research.

The effect of agroclimatic factors and indices of the Crimean Peninsula territory on the quality indicators of grapes

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 10:49:29 +0300

The research uses long-term archive data on the content of mass concentration of sugars and titratable acids in grapes from Steppe, Piedmont and South Coast zones of the Crimean Peninsula. In order to identify the relationships between quality indicators of grapes and agroecological conditions of the area, territories with definite plots and grape varieties were selected for each zone. The selection criteria were: known date and place of harvesting, availability of meteorological data for this date and place. In the course of work we used indices recommended by OIV 423-2012 for terroir specialization in viticulture and winemaking industry. As a result, a correlation between the mass concentration of sugars and titratable acids in grapes, on the one hand, and a number of agroclimatic indicators and indices, on the other, was calculated. The study showed that the mass concentration of sugars in grapes had a positive correlation with different agroclimatic indicators in different natural zones of Crimea: South C ast zone (Otradnoye village) - with the sum of temperatures above 10 °C, Winkler index, hours of sunshine, precipitation per year, and growing season; Piedmont zone (Vilino village) - with sums of temperatures above 10 °C and 20 °C, Hooglin and Winkler indices; Steppe zone (Dzhankoy city) - no stable correlations were established, temperatures above 10 °C and precipitation a month before harvest had a negative effect. The content of titratable acids in ‘Muscat Blanc’ grape variety in the South Coast zone positively correlated with Hooglin index and precipitation, and negatively – with temperatures above 10 °C a month before harvest, cold nights index, and an average air temperature during growing season, as well as a month before harvest. In the Piedmont zone, a negative correlation with temperatures above 10 °C and 20 °C, Hooglin and Winkler indices was observed, and a positive correlation - with HTC. In the Steppe zone, a positive correlation between titratable acids and precipitation a month before harvest as established.

Characteristics of soil-climatic indicators limiting the viticultural suitability of lands in the Seversky region of Krasnodar Territory

Кирилл Андреевич Крицкий — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 09:58:13 +0300

Viticulture is a dynamically developing branch of agriculture in Russia, which receives governmental support through subsidies and grants. The sustainable development of this industry requires a thorough analysis of the region’s natural conditions, as climate and soil directly determine cropping capacity, product quality, and life time of perennial plantations. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of soil-climatic factors affecting the viticultural suitability of lands in the Seversky region of Krasnodar Territory. Key climatic indicators such as the sum of active temperatures and annual precipitation were assessed, along with soil characteristics, includingacid-base properties, humus and carbonate content, granulometric composition, depth and salinity of soil. Favorable areas for vineyard establishment were identified, and limiting factors that reduce viticultural suitability were determined. In conclusion, recommendations for improving the efficiency of land use in industrial viticulture are propose . The findings of this study can assist agricultural producers in making a rational choice of vineyard land, and improve the efficiency of agribusiness.

Productivity and quality of grape yield depending on the method of culture management in the Lower Don regional conditions

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 11:23:00 +0300

This article presents the results of many years of research on the effect of the most well-known in practice, and new methods of managing and training grape bushes on their productivity and berry quality. The experiments were conducted in typical soil and climatic conditions of the Lower Don region on the introduced, winter-hardy wine grape variety ‘Kristall’. The variety ‘Kristall’ is of interspecific origin, a complex hybrid of Hungarian breeding (Vitis amurensis × Vitis vinifera × Vitis labrusca). Under the conditions of work carried out in the Lower Don region, it was meeting, to a sufficient extent, the requirements of northern industrial viticulture, and, above all, it was distinguished by high frost resistance and fertility of shoots. The studied variety was also characterized by medium-sized bunches, high cropping power and sugar accumulating capacity, as well as early berry ripening. Based on the results of summary data for 13 years of research, significant technological and economic advantages of pl ntings with new for the region industrial and intensive methods of managing and training vineyards on an industrial basis were shown: in industrial-type vineyards - high-trunk methods of bush management with free development of shoots, 3 × 1.5 m planting pattern, and zigzag-shaped cordon bush training, Y-shaped on a two-tier trellis, and a small cup-shaped on a single-wire trellis; in intensive-type vineyards –trunk-type small cup-shaped training on a simplified single-wire trellis, 3 × 0.5 m planting pattern, and a trunk height of 90–100 cm, with bush load of 80–90 thousand shoots per hectare.

Variability of crown habitus and productivity of 'Preobrazheniye' grape variety with different arm length in the conditions of Rostov region

Ирина Анатольевна Тарасенко, Надежда Александровна Сироткина — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 14:24:46 +0300

The article presents research data on the effect of arm length on the growth, development, fertility of shoots, leaf surface area, as well as the economic efficiency of cultivating ‘Preobrazheniye’ grapes. Changes in the indicators of fertility, cropping power and quality of grapes, annual growth parameters and economic efficiency of grape production in accordance with different length of vine arms were studied. In the course of research conducted in 2023-2024 it was revealed that arm length had an insignificant effect on the total commercial yield. The difference was 0.69 t/ha in favor of plantings with longer arms, but there were more sugars accumulated in berry juice of the control variant - 18.3 versus 16.8 g/100 cm3. Also, the length of vine arms did not have a significant effect on the leaf surface area and productivity of its photosynthetic activity. The costs of grape production differed only in the costs of harvesting a higher yield of plants with longer arms, but the value of sold grapes was cost-ef ective, and the net profit was higher than that in plantings with the common length of perennial wood by 168.33 thousand rubles.

The effect of weather conditions on the growth, development and productivity of autochthonous grape cultivars of Russia in the conditions of Ampelographic Collection Magarach

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 14:42:34 +0300

Agroecological conditions have a direct impact on the growth and development of grape plants, as well as on the quality and quantity of the harvest. Therefore, the characteristics of biological specificity of grape varieties, and the study of their response to environmental conditions are important in order to identify and apply the sources of valuable traits. The aim of research is to study the effect of rich in contrast weather conditions on agrobiological indicators of 25 autochthonous wine grape cultivars of Russia for further identification of potential sources of valuable traits. The place of research is the Ampelographic Collection Magarach, located in the Western Coastal Piedmont region of Crimea. The objects of research are 25 autochthonous wine grape cultivars of Russia (Don and Astrakhan cultivars). The following methods were used in the course of study: "Codes des caracteres descriptifs des varietes et especes de Vitis" (Office International de la vigne et du vin (OIV), 2009) and "Study of grape cultivars" (Lazarevsky, 1963). The effect of higher average daily temperatures in spring months on the shiſt to earlier dates of phenological growth stages was established. The dates of the onset of phenological stage of the beginning of bud burst in 2024 were ahead of the average long-term values by 9–16 days. The industrial ripeness began 10-19 days earlier than the average long-term dates. It was found that higher average daily temperatures during the period of berry growth and ripening with a minimum amount of productive precipitation in the summer of 2024 contributed to a reduction in the duration of production period for 25 autochthonous grape cultivars of Russia by 1-5 days, while the yield per bush was 23-81% of the average long-term indicators due to low air humidity and strong winds during the period of grapevine flowering. The data obtained will be taken into account to identify the sources of valuable economic traits. The results of work will contribute to the targeted selection of source material in breeding programs, and the efficient use of grape genetic resources in scientific research.

Management of production potential of grapes with foliar top dressing using micronutrients

Дмитрий Эдуардович Руссо — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 14:55:36 +0300

The article discusses biological aspects of using agrochemicals of various formulations containing physiologically active trace
elements in ampelocenosis. As a result of stationary field experiments in the conditions of Black Sea viticulture zone (Temryuk subzone),
a significant effect of agrochemicals used by the method of foliar top dressing on the physiological growth function and productivity of
‘Augustine’ and ‘Moldova’ grape varieties was established. In the experiments, a complex preparation based on monokalium phosphate
(КН2РО4) and citric acid (registration name "Nutrivant", Р40К25Mg2B2) containing the adhesive fertivant was used in combination with
boric micronutrient with boron in organic form (registration name "Boroplus", B15, liquid formulation), and chelated EDTA mineral
complex (registration name "Plantafol", N20P20K20+ME B0.02 Fe0.01 Mn0.05 Zn0.05 Cu0.05) containing SAA – adhesive and adjuvants.
The choice of agrochemicals to be used in ampelocenosis was based on their biological role in physiological growth processes, formation of
generative organs, and plant resistance to abiotic factors. As a result of scientific research, it was found that foliar top dressing contributed
to activation of root meristem, and a more intensive formation of absorbing fraction of roots compared to the control variant (without the
use of agrochemicals) due to the supply of active fission cells with energy and food resources. The process of activating root formation
was associated with an increase in the productivity of shoots of all growth groups and different bush loads with shoots. Activation of
leaf apparatus functioning was revealed as a result of meristematic leaf cells development caused by the action of agrochemicals. The
calculated productivity indicators of grape varieties (K1 and K2) significantly exceeded these values in the control variant.

Agroecological grounds to locate the vineyards for wine tourism development in the Stavropol Territory

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 10:15:26 +0300

For the correct definition and allocation of grape growing area, it is necessary to take into account factors that are related to biological characteristics of grape variety, climate, soil structure, vegetation, hydrology, geological structure, and more. A comprehensive analysis of these factors makes it possible to optimally zone the territories, and identify their potential for growing grapes on an industrial scale. The use of geographic information systems and other modern technologies can greatly facilitate this process, providing more accurate and reliable results. Currently, much attention is being paid to territory zoning in order to determine the resource potential of agricultural landscapes for growing grapes on an industrial scale. This article presents the results on soil and climatic indicators of viticultural and winemaking zone of the Mineralovodsk urban district in the conditions of land use of P(F)E Batrak V.V. village Prikumskoye. Having studied the structure of P(F)E Batrak V.V., it can be c ncluded that this farm has been engaged for a long time in growing table and wine grape varieties, processing raw materials and obtaining high-quality wine production, while promoting these products through wine tourism. This article describes the climatic and soil conditions of the P(F)E Batrak V.V. in order to choose a wine center for the development of wine tourism in the territory of Mineralovodsk urban district of the Stavropol Territory. A team of scientists prepared allocation schemes for the terroir of P(F)E Batrak V.V. using GIS technology methods, and identified the potential of lands suitable for growing grapes. The climatic and soil conditions, as well as table and wine grape varieties grown under land use conditions are described.

Promising pear rootstocks for commercial plantations in Crimea

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 15:07:31 +0300

For a long time, Crimea has been promoted as a resort and medical region of the country. This focus area of economic activity
of the Republic, resulting from the soil-climatic and social conditions of this region, necessitates the development of horticultural
industry. One of the most sought-aſter crops on the Peninsula is a pear. The Institute of Horticulture of Crimea has done a lot of work
on the study of promising varieties and rootstocks for pear (seedling and clonal) versus zoned ones. The purpose of research was to give
them a comprehensive economic and biological evaluation, and to recommend the most promising of them for manufacturing application.
We studied the effect of rootstocks on the growth, development and productivity in the seedling school, stockyard, nursery and orchard.
As a result, according to the main parameters of seedling rootstocks, it was concluded that in Crimea it is possible to use oleaster pear
(Pyrus elaegrifolia Pall) and Brettschneider pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) seedlings of ‘Xiang-Li’ variety compared with Pyrus kommunis L.
The selected varietal forms had rather high seed germination in the seedling school (65–72%), drought tolerance and compatibility with
all the varieties under study. The use of different forms of quince as a clonal rootstock for pear was also studied. A number of rootstocks
of KA series were created. The rootstocks in this series outperform the control in terms of productivity. The total yield of cuttings varies
between 301.1–360.9 ths. pcs/ha. The standard is 83–85 %. The yield of cuttings in VA 29 (c) is 282.2 ths. pcs/ha., a high rooting rate of
graſted plants is observed in the nursery (89–94 %). There are no signs of incompatibility with the varieties under study (‘Izuminka Kryma’,
‘Maria’, ‘Mriya’, ‘Tavricheskaya’). The yield of standard seedlings is 83–87 %. In the orchard, the vigor of trees varies depending on the
variety and rootstock vigor. The average cropping capacity for the years of research is 23.2–28.6 t/ha. The fruits have high flavor qualities.

Elimination of GLRaV-1 grapevine leafroll-associated virus by thermotherapy, Krasnostop AZOS variety

Виктория Константиновна Котляр — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 09:24:18 +0300

The results of studies of the effect of various temperature conditions on the process of eliminating grapevine leafroll-associated virus of the 1st serotype (Grapevine leafroll-associated virus, GLRaV-1) from annual cuttings of the variety ‘Krasnostop AZOS’ are presented. The purpose of this study was to research the effectiveness of thermotherapy for elimination of GLRaV-1 from the variety ‘Krasnostop AZOS’, as well as to evaluate the effect of various temperature regimes on the growth and development of vegetative grape seedlings, which was performed by measuring newly developed shoots and roots with repeated real-time molecular genetic identification by PCR. Grapevine cuttings infected with GLRaV-1, which were subjected to thermotherapy at temperatures from 30 °C to 60 °C with varying treatment duration (from 10 to 50 minutes), were used in the course of study. Real-time PCR using specific TaqMan probes was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the method. The results showed that optimal conditions for virus elimination are achieved at a temperature of 45 °C and a processing time of 40-50 minutes, while maintaining high viability of the eyes of grapevine cuttings. Higher temperatures (55 °C and 60 °C) led to the loss of plants, especially during prolonged processing. Thermotherapy at moderate temperatures (40-45 °C) promotes active shoot formation and root system development, which is important for the further cultivation of healthy seedlings. The
data obtained emphasize the importance of careful selection of thermotherapy parameters in order to achieve maximum effectiveness in the fight against viral infections at different stages of viral infection development even with no visual signs appeared. The results of the work are of practical importance for viticulture, offering an environmentally friendly method of improving planting material, which helps to increase the sustainability of vineyards, and improve product quality. Further research may be aimed at optimizing the conditions of thermotherapy and studying the influence of other factors, such as humidity and lighting, on the process of healing plants.

Method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma for determining the content of macro- and microelements in wines

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study presents the development and validation of a methodology for determining the multi-element composition of
wine products with geographical indication using Russian-made inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES)
"Grand-ICP" ("VMK-Optoelektronika", Russia), which had not previously been applied to wine analysis. The research objects included
wine materials obtained under microvinification conditions from autochthonous, introduced and bred grape varieties, as well as finished
products from various manufacturers. The methodology for multi-element analysis was developed and experimentally substantiated,
followed by the construction of element profile diagrams and a comparative assessment of wine samples produced from grapes of
different geographical origins. Confidence intervals for the measurement of 13 elements were established based on 100 wine samples.
Initial data were obtained for products from eight viticulture and winemaking regions of Crimea. The study demonstrated the potential
applicability of domestically produced analytical equipment for authentication of wines with geographical indication. The resulting
multivariate normalized datasets can serve as the foundation for training datasets in machine learning applications, including neural
network models. The findings may be used to establish and expand regional database of genuine Crimean wine products, as well as to
develop new approaches to identification and quality control of wines.

Installation for reducing the technological cycle when treating wine materials with cold

Fri, 20 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The efficiency of wine production in terms of quality of the resulting wine products, their high consumer properties, as well
as the amount of associated production costs largely depend on the technological equipment used. To a large extent, this is subject to
treating wine materials with cold, and their aging at the final stage of production in order to achieve bottling stability of the finished
product. This is one of the most energy-intensive technological processes. Domestic machine building does not produce specialized
installations for cold treatment of wine materials. The aim of this research is to develop initial requirements for an installation to reduce
the technological cycle of treatment wine materials with cold. Technical parameters, main indicators of applicability and reliability of the
developed installation are determined by calculation methods according to dimensionless similitude equations, including by analyzing
the technological process taking into account the conditions necessary for crystallization and sedimentation of excess quantity of tartaric
acid salts from wine materials, as well as coagulation and sedimentation of other high-molecular destabilizing substances.

Natamycin in wine products: mode of action, activity, identification, removal

Алла Андреевна Абакумова, Ольга Николаевна Шелудько — Fri, 20 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Wine products contain a wide range of biologically active components, which determine their high nutritional value. In addition,
there is currently a significant interest in non-alcoholic wines as a product of healthy nutrition. However, the stability of such wines
to microbiological spoilage is reduced due to absence of ethanol in their composition, which creates risks of uncontrolled introduction
of new preservatives into products. One of them is natamycin, widely used in food industry. In order to inhibit mold and yeast activity
in winemaking, a number of countries regulate the concentration of preservatives up to 20 mg/l. In the Russian Federation, natamycin
is not authorized for use in winemaking. However, its high efficiency and broad spectrum of action against many mold types and yeast
species, as well as the lack of regulated methods of its identification, can lead to uncontrolled use of this preservative for a certain group
of wine products. The results of research, stated in scientific publications of leading specialized journals on winemaking, microbiology
and food chemistry subjected the use of natamycin in food industry are analyzed. The methods of its ingress in grape raw materials, as
well as the effect on the component composition are considered. Two ways of natamycin ingress in wine products are established: direct
introduction as a substitute for sulfur dioxide, potassium sorbate, and indirect ingress through the treatment of containers and surfaces
of production facilities. The mechanism of natamycin action is described. Modern methods of its control are considered. The advantages
of highly effective capillary electrophoresis are shown. It allows determining natamycin with a mass concentration from 0.2 mg/dm3.
Methods for removing natamycin from wine products are considered. It is noted that complete removal of natamycin by combined use of
a number of sorbents has not been achieved. The research will be continued in the direction of improving express methods for identifying
natamycin in raw materials and finished wine products, as well as developing the algorithm for its complete removal from objects.