Magarach. Viticulture and winemaking.

Biotechnological solutions for the recovery of grape plant material from infectious diseases

2025-09-24T13:46:30+03:00

The use of biotechnological methods is promising for the creation of infection-free plant material. The aim of this original research was to obtain new knowledge during biotechnological operations for the recovery of grape plant material from latent infections for subsequent practical use. The research focused on cultivating grape plants in vitro, infectious diseases, and recovery of plant material. The complex of technological operations for recovery of grape plant material from viruses and Agrobacterium spp. was carried out, including thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy and meristem culture. Aſter the recovery procedures, molecular diagnostics were performed on the latent form of phytopathogens in plant material. Complete or significant recovery of samples from GLRaV-1, GFLV, GRSPaV, A. tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes was achieved aſter recovery procedures. The development of a methodology for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration in grapes has made it possible to obtain plants in the necessary and sufficient quantity to verify the suitability of this method with respect to GRSPaV elimination. The microclonal propagation of recovered samples of experimental varieties is carried out for preservation in vitro. A total of 11 infection-free lines are maintained in vitro. The biotechnological operations carried out to recover the plant material of grapes from latent infections have provided an opportunity to obtain modern knowledge, allowing to optimize the
elimination of phytopathogens in biotechnological systems. The scheme for the recovery of grape plant material from the main infections by biotechnological methods is developed on the basis of theoretical and practical studies. Biotechnological solutions that can be used to cure grape plants from a wide range of latent infections caused by viruses, phytoplasmas and Agrobacterium spp. are offered.

Morphological, productive and uvological variability of genotypes of table grape varieties grown in ampelographic collections of Azerbaijan

2025-09-24T13:46:36+03:00

This article presents the results of studying yield indicators, morphological and enocarpological characteristics of bunches and berries of 30 local and introduced table grape varieties grown in the ampelographic collections of the Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking located in Absheron and Shamakhy districts of Azerbaijan. The goal of the study is a comparative analysis
of yield indicators, morphological characteristics and eating qualities of varieties, as well as the selection of the most promising ones for cultivation in specific conditions, and the development of scientifically based recommendations for the widespread introduction of these varieties into production. The results of the study showed that the yield per bush varied from 4.8 up to 22.4 kg. However, only a few varieties showed a significant difference in yield (p<0.05, p<0.001). Bunch weight varied between 104.0 (‘Ag Kishmish‘) and 766.5
g (‘Khan Izum Shamakhynsky’). The varieties ‘Khan Izum Shamakhynsky’, ‘Salyan Khatynysy’ and ‘Moldova’ had the largest bunches. The parameters of berries and bunches in most of the 30 studied local and introduced grape varieties and variations were within the range characteristic of table grapes, and the mass concentration of sugars varied from 11.1 to 22.8 g/100 cm³. Mass concentration of sugars of the varieties ‘Sultany’, ‘Shabrany’, ‘Black Magic’, ‘Gara Urza’, ‘Novrast’, ‘Irigilya Hagi Bagi’ - var. 1, ‘Et Kharji’, ‘Ag Saabi’ was
relatively low (11.1-14.6 g/100 cm³), for the rest it was 15.1-22.8 g/100 cm³, which met the requirements for table grapes. Among the varieties under study, local seedless cultivars ‘Ag Oval Kishmish’, ‘Ag Kishmish’ and ‘Marmari Kishmish’ were found to be unsuitable for producing dried grapes due to small size of berries. At the same time, the varieties ‘Kishmish Zarafshan’ and ‘Kishmish Sogdiana’ are suitable for dried grape production due to their large berries.

New white-berry wine grapevine cultivars bred at the Institute Magarach

2025-09-24T13:46:39+03:00

This article presents the study of a complex of ampelographic and biological-economic traits of new white-berry grapevine
cultivars ‘Aibatly Magaracha’, ‘Krymskaya Vesna’, ‘Yantarnyi Magaracha’ obtained using autochthonous Crimean grape varieties as a
maternal form. Autochthonous Crimean varieties are Vitis vinifera L. species. They are characterized by resistance to abiotic and biotic
environmental factors. A number of varieties have a functionally female flower type, which has a significant impact on fertilizing stability.
Therefore cropping capacity directly depends on weather conditions. It is possible to preserve adaptive capacity, as well as improve
productivity and quality characteristics of Crimean autochthons using intraspecific and interspecific hybridization. The presented new
grapevine cultivars have a medium ripening period (vegetation period 135-138 days), bisexual flower type. They are weakly susceptible
to fungal diseases, well tolerant to periodic droughts. These cultivars are suitable for making table and dessert wines. Tasting assessment
score of dry wine is 7.70-7.71 points, dessert wine – 7.75-7.8 points. The cultivars are resistant to fungal diseases: oidium - 2 points,
mildew – 1-2 points, gray rot – 1-2 points. The average cropping capacity of ‘Aibatly Magaracha’ is 65.7 c/ha, ‘Krymskaya Vesna’ –
91.8 c/ha, ‘Yantarnyi Magaracha’ – 95.0 c/ha. New grape cultivars ‘Aibatly Magaracha’, ‘Krymskaya Vesna’ and ‘Yantarnyi Magaracha’,
obtained using autochthonous varieties with bisexual flower type, weakly susceptible to fungal diseases, well tolerant to periodic droughts,
can become an alternative to autochthonous varieties, providing consistent yield and quality of wine products. They are recommended
for cultivation in the Republic of Crimea.

The results of long-term studying the Don autochthonous grape variety ‘Makhrovatchik’ at the Lower Don regional collection

2025-09-24T13:46:43+03:00

Among the diversity of grapevine cultivars, autochthonous varieties stand out for great value and pride for viticulture of any country. The article presents the results of a 19-year study of the autochthonous grape variety ‘Makhrovatchik’ at the Don ampelographic collection named aſter Ya.I. Potapenko (Novocherkassk, Rostov region) in comparison with the control variety ‘Rkatsiteli’. The aim of research is to study agrobiological and uvological indicators of the Don autochthonous grape variety ‘Makhrovatchik’, growing in the place of its origin (in the Lower Don region). Generally accepted viticulture techniques and GOSTs were used in the course of work. The varieties were cultivated in a covered graſted culture, planting scheme 3 × 1.5 m. The ripening period is mid-late. In terms of the main agrobiological indicators (percentage of swollen buds, percentage of fruiting shoots, coefficients of fruiting and fertility, average bunch weight, estimated cropping capacity), the studied variety ‘Makhrovatchik’ over performed the control variety. Based on the
conducted research, it was concluded that ‘Makhrovatchik’ grape variety is a wine, mid-late ripening, productive variety, surpassing the control variety ‘Rkatsiteli’ in terms of the main agrobiological indicators in the conditions of the Lower Don region. Despite the fact that tasting assessment of wines was the same (8.7 points), the wine from ‘Makhrovatchik’ variety was distinguished by light honey hints. Wine flavor of both samples was extensive, round with a long aſtertaste. Analysis of the results of long-term research showed that ‘Makhrovatchik’ variety stands out for a set of economically valuable traits with improved adaptive and technological properties for high-quality winemaking. Therefore, the variety ‘Makhrovatchik’ is recommended for expanding the range of industrial grape plantings in the Lower Don regional conditions.

Cultivation of table grape varieties using low Voish training system in Northern Tajikistan

2025-09-24T13:46:46+03:00

The work is dedicated to the low Voish training system for covered grape culture in the agroecological conditions of Northern Tajikistan in the Sughd region at an altitude of 1050 m above sea level. The average annual precipitation is 389 mm. The soil is gray earth. The objects of research are table grape varieties: ‘Chilyaki Belyi’, ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ and ‘Taifi Rozovyi’. The studies were carried out in irrigated vineyards. Seasonal irrigation depth is 2000-3000 m3/ha, the depth of watering is 667-1000 m3/ha. The bush planting pattern is 4x2 m. Experiment variants: 1 – the low Voish training system; 2 – the spreading above the soil training system (control). When using the low Voish system, grape varieties ‘Chilyaki Belyi’, ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ and ‘Taifi Rozovyi’ show a more active passing through growth phases at the stage of grape veraison. ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ and ‘Taifi Rozovyi’ are distinguished by a shorter period from the bud break to the berries ripe for harvest. Cropping capacity of grapes in the variant of low Voish training system is higher than in the control variant for ‘Chilyaki Belyi’ variety – by 0.86 t/ha (7 %), ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ – by 1.37 t/ha (10 %) and ‘Taifi Rozovyi’ – by 2.5 t/ha (11 %). The most productive grape variety is ‘Taifi Rozovyi’ – 23.13 t/ha, followed by ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ – 13.75 t/ha and ‘Chilyaki Belyi’ – 12.11 t/ha. The highest mass concentration of sugars and the lowest titratable acidity are shown by grapes from bushes of the low Voish training system. Grape variety ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ has the highest mass concentration of sugars and the lowest titratable acidity – 23.4 g/100 cm3 and 5.4 g/dm3, respectively. According to the combination of positive effects on growth and production processes in the zone of covered viticulture of Northern Tajikistan in the Sughd region, it is advisable to recommend using the low Voish training system of grape bushes for ‘Chilyaki Belyi’, ‘Kishmish Chernyi’ and ‘Taifi Rozovyi’ varieties instead of the spreading above the soil training system.

The effect of radiation resources on the accumulation of sugars in grape berries in the South Coastal zone of Crimea

2025-09-24T13:46:49+03:00

The effect of a number of sunshine hours on the quality of grapes in the South Coastal zone of Crimea is analyzed. The objects of the study were radiation resources of the South Coastal zone of Crimea, and archival data on the mass concentration of sugars in grapes obtained from the vineyards located in Otradnoye village (2007–2011). Data on the mass concentration of sugars were collected for four varieties (‘Muscat Blanc’, ‘Muscat Rose’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Sercial’). The values of this indicator for the analyzed grape varieties were stated as of the specific day from September to November on which the measurements were taken. The radiation resource indicators were calculated based on the data of devices for recording incoming solar radiation, installed at the Nikitsky Garden agrometeorological station. A number of sunshine hours in the vineyards was calculated from the growing season beginning to the date of test readings of the mass concentration of sugars in berries for the same years. Sunshine duration of the considered season in the years of study for the analyzed grape varieties differed as follows: ‘Muscat Blanc’ – 1484-1791 hours; ‘Muscat Rose’ – 1560-1785 hours; ‘Riesling’ – 1727-1791 hours; ‘Sercial’ – 1547-1731 hours. The correlation was calculated between the mass concentration of sugars in grapes and a number of sunshine hours during time period from the growing season beginning to the date of test readings of the mass concentration of sugars in berries. It is found that the mass concentration of sugars in ‘Riesling’ and ‘Sercial’ grape varieties has a high positive correlation with a number of sunshine hours during the studied years of the period (0.88; 0.95), and in ‘Muscat Blanc’ and ‘Muscat Rose’ grapes - a medium positive correlation (0.65; 0.53).

Improved cordon of Royat and assessment of the degree of vineyard development

2025-09-24T13:46:52+03:00

The most important element in the development of resource-saving technologies in viticulture is the introduction of optimal training for grape bushes to significantly reduce labor intensity, increase the level of mechanization, fasten the beginning of fruiting, and ensure high yield performance as well as product quality in the context of limited resources and growing economic demands. The goal of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the improved cordon of Royat bush training with a classic one-armed cordon on a medium trunk, and describe the methodology for its estimating. The study was conducted in the Mountain-Valley Coastal winegrowing region of Crimea in the vineyards of FSUE PJSC Massandra in 2023-2024. The degree of bush development in the control was assessed in accordance with the methodology "Evaluating the degree of development of grape bushes for classic and modern training systems" (Beibulatov M.R., Buival R.A., Mikhailov S.V.). The proposed methodology will be an important indicator when establishing modern vineyards. The obtained results show difference in the development degree of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyards, which is associated with variations in the number of stages of training bushes and their fruiting organs. Bushes with the improved cordon of Royat training are superior to those with the one-armed horizontal cordon training on average over 2 year by 25% in the degree of vineyard development. The studies conducted show that grape bushes with the improved cordon of Royat training are fully developed one year earlier than those with classic cordon training, which helps to reduce the costs for bush training, and fasten the beginning of fruiting.

Результаты идентификации сортовой принадлежности винограда для хозяйств Крыма в 2024г.

2025-09-24T13:46:55+03:00

Implementation of reliable varietal identification of planting material samples and industrial vineyards (Vitis L.) is one of the conditions for stable development of viticulture and winemaking in the Russian Federation. For Crimean farms of this industry in 2024, the studies on varietal identification of 91 submitted grape samples were carried out using a standardized method for identification grape varieties based on 9 SSR markers, developed by the Laboratory of Molecular Genetic Research. The varietal identification of 90 samples (98.9%) was established, the obtained genetic profile of one sample was absent in the genotype database. Only 18.7% of the submitted samples were represented as a seeding planting material, and the rest 81.3% were selected from industrial vineyards. It was found that 14.3% of samples did not correspond to the variety declared by the customer, indicating the necessity to accelerate the implementation and increased use of molecular genetic methods for identifying varieties in the inventory of vineyards and testing of planting material. Most of the submitted grape samples were of wine (61.1%) and multipurpose (27.8%) varieties. The proportion of table varieties was only 3.3%, rootstock varieties - 7.8%. The overwhelming majority of submitted samples were wine grape varieties of Western European origin: France - 64.5%, Italy - 13.3%. The number of samples of domestic varieties was only 4.5%, indicating insufficient usage by domestic
wineries the potential of local varieties, including Crimean autochthons - only ‘Kokur Belyi’ and ‘Kok Pandas’ varieties were submitted for testing. Genotyping revealed genetic variations in one allele in the profiles of ‘Pinot Meunier’ (VVS2), ‘Manseng Petit Blanc’ (VVMD32) and ‘Merlot Noir’’ (VVMD27) varieties. Molecular genetic passports of Crimean varieties ‘Kok Pandas’ and ‘Tsitronnyi Magaracha’ were completed up to 9 SSR markers for varietal identification.

Ecological and economic aspects of the use of humic preparations in ampelocenosis

2025-09-24T13:46:58+03:00

The article provides a brief overview of ecological aspects of the use of humic preparations in agrocenoses, discusses the mechanisms of action of humic substances on plants, the possibility of integrating humic fertilizers into the technological scheme of grape plants management. Based on the study results of Russian and foreign researchers described in literary sources on the effectiveness of humates in agrocenoses, the relevance of identifying the effects of preparations in the conditions of grape monoculture is substantiated. In order to identify patterns of interaction between the components of fertilizer-plant system using humic fertilizers of Tellura series, field experiments were conducted in the conditions of fruit-bearing plantings of ‘Krasnostop Anapskiy’ grape cultivar in the Anapa subzone of the Anapa-Taman zone of the Krasnodar Territory on humus-carbonate soil of the region. The fertilizer Tellura M (state registration number 0438-06-210-144-0-0-0-1) was used in the experiment by the method of foliar top dressing at a dosage of 4 liters/ha. Aqueous fertilizer solutions were applied mechanically using spraying device SLV•2000 CR three times: 1 - during shoot growth phase (May); 2 - during the period of active berry growth; 3 - at the beginning of berry ripening. Healthy, actively growing grape plants and those damaged by spring frosts (1-2 points of damage) were treated. As a result of 3 year study, it was determined that using foliar top dressing on grape plants contributed to the increase in the formation of fruit-bearing shoots, inflorescences (by 5.9 and 10.1%, respectively), leaves per shoot, and leaf area (by 11.1%). Grape treatment with cultural solution stimulated repair processes in plants damaged by spring frosts. The average cropping capacity for three years exceeded the control variant parameter by 11.9%. Production profitability, as a summarizing indicator of foliar top dressing effectiveness, exceeded the values in the control by 12.4-15.7%.

The effect of seed material on the quality of tobacco seedlings

2025-09-24T13:47:03+03:00

This paper presents the data on testing the sowing quality of seeds of various sizes of promising tobacco varieties bred at the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – “Magarach” in 2023-2025. The work was carried out in the experimental plot of the Laboratory of Tobacco Breeding in the village Tabachnoye, Bakhchisarai District, Republic of Crimea. The seeds of each tested variety were grouped in three fractions depending on their size: 0.45-0.50 mm, 0.50-0.55 mm and 0.60-0.65 mm. In the process of work, sowing quality of seeds and quality characteristics of tobacco seedlings were assessed. The article presents basic quality indicators of tobacco seedlings. An important factor of increasing cropping capacity in tobacco growing is a high-quality seed material with good varietal and seed characteristics. Performance potential of varieties can be fulfilled only having a high seed quality, and vice versa, the most highly productive variety will give low yield when sowing seeds of poor quality. The article presents experimental material for assessing the effect of seed quality of various tobacco varieties on plant growth and development during seedling and field periods. In the process of work, germination energy and germinating capacity were determined. The quality of seedlings was assessed by biometric indicators: plant length, number of leaves, stem thickness, as well as survival rate and rooting of seedlings aſter planting in the field. The goal of this work was to study the effect of seeds on the quality of tobacco seedlings, and to study biological characteristics of a number of new varieties during the seedling period. The urgency of such problem is due to the necessity for high-quality tobacco seedlings the quality of future products depends on. Based on the research results, the following conclusion can be made: dependence of the quality and quantity characteristics of seedlings on the size of seed fractions was revealed, and some varietal differences in growing seedlings were determined. High germinating capacity and growth energy (accelerated forcing period) were established for ‘American Aromatny’ and ‘Virginia na Berley’ tobacco varieties.

Indicators of picking maturity and keeping quality of fruits depending on the planting patterns of apple trees in the Piedmont zone of Crimea

2025-09-24T13:47:07+03:00

This article presents the results of study (2019-2020) on the influence of different planting patterns on quality parameters and storage potential of fruits from three promising apple cultivars: 'Brebern', Dul'ber', and 'Renet Simirenko'. The research was conducted in an intensive orchard system with four tree planting patterns: 4×1 m (control), 4×1.25 m, 4×0.75 m, and 4×0.5 m. Particular attention was paid to the relationship between planting density and key fruit quality parameters affecting marketability and long-term storage performance. A comprehensive evaluation was performed using modern research methods: determination of flesh firmness using penetrometer, measurement of soluble solids content by refractometry, assessment of maturity stage through iodine-starch test, regular monitoring of natural weight loss during controlled atmosphere storage, and detailed analysis of fruit susceptibility to major postharvest diseases. Sensory evaluation was conducted by a qualified tasting panel using a standard 5-point scale. The results revealed significant dependence of flesh firmness on planting pattern. The highest flesh firmness was demonstrated by: 'Brebern' at 4×0.75 m pattern (7.8 kg/cm²), 'Dul'ber' at 4×0.5 m (7.5 kg/cm²), and 'Renet Simirenko' in the control conditions (8.2 kg/cm²). Maximum content of soluble solids (14.2-16.5%) was observed in the traditional 4×1 m planting pattern for all studied cultivars. The lowest natural weight loss during storage was recorded for: 'Brebern' - 2.8% (4×1.25 m), 'Dul'ber' - 3.1% (4×0.5 m), and 'Renet Simirenko' - 2.5% (4×1.25 m). Based on the comprehensive analysis, practical recommendations were developed for optimal planting patterns for each cultivar in order to maximize their quality potential and keeping performance. The research findings are of significant importance for improving intensive orchard establishment technologies, and can be applied when selecting cultivars for specific soil and climatic conditions.

Harmful bacterial diseases of rice in present-day conditions

2025-09-24T13:47:11+03:00

Rice is one of the most important food grain crops for half of the world population. The largest global rice producers are Asian countries, where 87% of global production is concentrated. Sustainable rice production plays a key role in solving the strategic problem of ensuring food security. Cultivated rice is subject to many biotic and abiotic stresses followed by a serious decrease in cropping capacity and food safety, and, as a consequence, a sharp aggravation of the problem of acute food insecurity. The most destructive are bacterial diseases causing yield losses of up to 70%. The development of effective methods for controlling the spread of pathogens is hampered by insufficient knowledge of bacterial agents. This review aims at filling the gap in the information on harmful bacterial diseases of rice. The article provides information on the main bacterial diseases of rice in the following aspects: pathogens and symptoms, host range, physiological effects, virulence factors, ecology of pathogens, epidemiology and effects, range and zone of harmfulness, as well as control methods. The most effective way to combat the spread of diseases is the use of resistant rice varieties together with an optimal set of agrotechnical practices. In Russia and in the EU countries, bacterial diseases are not endemic, but are included in the list of quarantine objects. In this regard, it is necessary to closely monitor the phytosanitary condition of rice germplasm when exchanging with other countries, to carry out regular surveys of crops throughout the growing season, as well as preventive measures from the spread of harmful organisms.

The effect of weather conditions during the growing season on keeping quality of apple varieties bred at the Nikitsky Botanical Garden

2025-09-24T13:47:16+03:00

The article presents data on the study of the effect of weather conditions on the formation of keeping quality indicators of apple fruits. Such parameters as size, chemical composition (content of sugars, acids, vitamins), as well as disease resistance and shelf life of fruits depending on environmental factors (precipitation, temperature, the sum of effective temperatures and other meteorological conditions) are considered. Based on long-term data, patterns affecting the ability of fruits to maintain quality during storage in the refrigerator were identified. A general decrease in chemical composition indicators was observed as a result of fruit storage. It should be pointed out that there are varieties the fruit storage of which is more or less influenced by external climatic factors. Meteorological factors significantly and reliably influenced the varieties ‘Skifiya’ and ‘Krymskoye Zolotistoye’. It is important to note ‘Medea’ variety, keeping quality of which is practically unaffected by weather factors. This fact indicates high stability of this feature. The variety ‘Khaitarma’ is the least affected by external environmental factors. As a result of our research, we may conclude that correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and keeping quality of apple fruits are a feature of pomological variety. Weather conditions of the growing season influence the formation, biochemical composition, and storage of apple fruits at a different extent depending on the genotype. Searching for the best apple varieties for long-term storage of their fruits is an urgent problem for horticulture. The results of the study will be recommended to be applied in industrial production for optimizing agrotechnical operations, and in the conditions of climate change in Crimea.

Modern approaches to monitoring and optimization of wine composition

2025-09-24T13:47:21+03:00

This study presents modern approaches to the modeling and monitoring of wine composition based on mathematical techniques and non-destructive physical measurements. It is shown that such parameters as density, refractive index and optical density possess additive properties, enabling the development of models for reconstructing the component composition of products, and predicting target characteristics using the systems of linear equations. The applicability of refractodensimetric and spectrophotometric approaches is substantiated as a foundation for quality control and monitoring systems throughout various stages of technological cycle. A conceptual framework for a unified information-analytical platform that integrates blend formulation and real-time monitoring of the products based on low-cost sensor devices and centralized data processing is proposed. Mathematical formalizations are presented to account for mass and analytical balances, additive property behavior, and buffer capacity of the components in modeling and designing blend compositions. The findings support the potential effectiveness of integrating mathematical models with digital monitoring tools in order to improve production flexibility and enhance technological resilience of winemaking processes.

Mass concentration of methoxypyrazines in red grapes as a marker of technological ripeness

2025-09-24T13:47:23+03:00

This study investigates methoxypyrazines (MPs), particularly 2-isobutyl-4-methoxypyrazine (IBMP), as biochemical markers for optimizing harvest timing in red grape varieties ‘Kurchansky’ and ‘Granatovy’ in the conditions of Krasnodar Territory (2022–2023). The dynamics of MPs was analyzed using gas-liquid chromatography in grapes and wines across different ripening stages. Results revealed IBMP as the dominant MP (72–80% of total MPs), peaking pre-véraison and declining as grapes ripened and sugars accumulated. In ‘Kurchansky’ variety, IBMP was decreasing by 43% (2022) and 54% (2023) from August to October, with optimal harvest time in late September (0.005–0.007 μg/dm³ IBMP). The variety ‘Granatovy’ exhibited delayed MP degradation, with optimal harvest time in early October (0.005–0.008 μg/dm³ IBMP). Anomalous heat in 2023 (+30–34°C) accelerated MP degradation by 14–20 days. Wine sensory analysis (10-point scale) correlated peak scores (7.8 for ‘Kurchansky’, 8.2 for ‘Granatovy’) with minimized IBMP levels (<0,015 μg/dm³), avoiding undesirable "green" notes. Over ripening was increasing bitterness despite further MP reduction. Secondary MPs (IPMP, SBMP, EMP) were remaining consistently low (<0.005 μg/dm³). The study establishes IBMP as a reliable phenolic ripeness marker, with varietyspecific harvest windows critical for balancing sensory profile of wine.

Technological evaluation of white grape varieties bred at ARRIV&W named aſter Ya.I. Potapenko for sparkling wine production

2025-09-24T13:47:26+03:00

The article discusses the problem of raw material shortage for the production of high-quality sparkling wines. In order to improve the domestic raw material base, the use of selection grape varieties with increased cropping capacity, resistant to adverse weather conditions, diseases and pests is proposed. The aim of research was to study the possibility of using new grape varieties ‘Stanichny’ and ‘Muscat Aksaiskiy’ bred at All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named aſter Ya.I. Potapenko – branch
of the Federal Rostov Agrarian Research Centre for the production of high-quality sparkling wines. The studies were carried out in the Laboratory of Ampelography and Technological Evaluation of Grape Varieties under micro-winemaking conditions. The variety ‘Aligote’ was used as a control. In the manufacture of experimental samples of sparkling wines, all technological operations were carried out in strict sequence according to the technological regulations, provided for bottle champagnization. The results of studies of physicochemical indicators of the must, base and sparkling wines produced from the studied grape varieties ‘Stanichny’ and ‘Muscat Aksaiskiy’ are presented. According to the results of technological assessment, all samples met State Standard requirements for producing sparkling wines. It was found that in sparkling wine samples of ‘Muscat Aksaiskiy’ variety, the content of reduced extract (19.5 g/dm3), residual sugars (1.8 g/dm3), phenolic substances (233 mg/dm3) and total nitrogen (313 mg/dm3) was at the control level. The content of amine nitrogen (156 mg/dm3) was lower, and the content of titratable acids (5.8 g/dm3) was higher than in the control wines from ‘Aligote’ variety. In the samples of sparkling wines prepared from ‘Stanichny’ variety, the content of reduced extract (21.4 g/dm3), residual sugars (2.1 g/dm3), phenolic substances (254 mg/dm3), total nitrogen (333 mg/dm3) and amine nitrogen (236 mg/dm3) was higher than in sparkling wines from the control variety ‘Aligote’, and the content of titratable acids (5.6 g/dm3) was comparable with the control parameters. Also, the pH (3.3) and oxidation-reduction potential (201-208 mV) were determined in the samples of sparkling wines. Organoleptic analysis showed that the sample of sparkling wine from ‘Stanichny’ variety was not inferior to the control ‘Aligote’ sample (9.6 points), and from the variety ‘Muscat Aksaiskiy’ - was rated even higher (9.7 points). The results of studies allow us to draw conclusions about the prospects of wine grape varieties ‘Stanichny’ and ‘Muscat Aksaiskiy’ for the production of high-quality sparkling wines, expanding the raw material base and the assortment of local selection varieties.

Biologically active substances of grape seed oil

2025-09-24T13:48:56+03:00

For the first time, a method for obtaining oil from seeds of fermented pomace of red grape varieties ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Merlot’ using the extraction method with tetrafluoroethane as an extractant was proposed. Experimental samples of oil from sweet pressed seeds of white and red grape varieties were used as a comparison. Physicochemical parameters of the studied oil samples were determined in accordance with GOST (State Standard) adopted for the fat-and-oil industry of the Russian Federation. The fatty acid composition (saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids), substances of unsaponifiable fraction (sterols, squalene, tocopherols) of oil samples were identified by gas chromatography. Antioxidant capacity in vitro was determined by photochemical luminescence. It is established that the studied samples of oil from sweet and fermented pomace seeds correspond to high-quality edible oil in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical indicators. The fatty acid composition of oil samples is identical, and the content of linoleic acid (omega-6) reaches 70 %. Differences in samples of oil from seeds of sweet and fermented pomace were found. The antioxidant capacity (AC) index in the samples of oil from seeds of fermented pomace is reduced by an average of 4-6 % compared to this index in the samples of oil from seeds of sweet pomace of red grape varieties. The value of antioxidant activity remains at a high level and amounts to 79-80 mg/100 g in terms of the standard antioxidant trolox, 135-137 mg/100 g in terms of α-tocopherol. Grape seeds obtained from fermented pomace are a promising raw material for producing high-quality edible oil.