Keywords
Abstract
The article shows the results of research on the state of pomegranate growing in Azerbaijan and presents an analysis
of measures to protect pomegranate from diseases. It was noted that gardening is one of the most important sectors of the
agro-industrial complex of Azerbaijan with collective and private farms engagement, which complicates the implementation
of modern events. It has been substantiated that non-observance of the plant protection system is the reason for low yield
and quality of fruits. Lack of crop rotations, monoculture of perennial plantations, irregular protective measures are the main
reasons for progression and distribution of harmful organisms affecting the root system, skeletal branches, buds, shoots, flowers,
leaves and fruits. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 on pomegranate plantations of the Ganja-Kazakh geographical
zone located in the western part of Azerbaijan - in the Goranboy, Shamkir and Kazakh districts. The survey method consisted in
a systematic inspection of pomegranate plantations. All aboveground plant organs were examined. The research have shown
that the most common and harmful disease of pomegranate is a zythia fruit rot (Zythia versoniana Sacc.). Attention is focused on
the environmental aspects of protective measures in the context of obtaining clean products. It is indicated that for successful
protection of pomegranate plantations, it is necessary to organize the monitoring of species composition of diseases of individual
natural agricultural districts, characteristics of their current development. It is shown that phenological calendar and forecasting
of cyclical development of pathogens allows to establish accurately the critical periods and to choose the optimal timing of
fulfillment the protective measures. It has been proven that an integrated pomegranate protection system should be based on
the integration of organizational, sanitary-preventive, agrotechnical, biological and chemical measures, and the main advantage
is environmental safety and possibility to obtain products of better quality.